![]() International and internal migration increased urban populations and fostered the growth of a new urban culture.Ī) As cities became areas of economic growth featuring new factories and businesses, they attracted immigrants from Asia and from southern and eastern Europe, as well as African American migrants within and out of the South. ![]() ![]() Key Concept 6.2: The migrations that accompanied industrialization transformed both urban and rural areas of the United States and caused dramatic social and cultural change. social and economic life have affected political debates and policies. POL-3.0: Explain how different beliefs about the federal government’s role in U.S. POL-2.0: Explain how popular movements, reform efforts, and activist groups have sought to change American society and institutions. New systems of production and transportation enabled consolidation within agriculture, which, along with periods of instability, spurred a variety of responses from farmers.Ī) Improvements in mechanization helped agricultural production increase substantially and contributed to declines in food prices.ī) Many farmers responded to the increasing consolidation in agricultural markets and their dependence on the evolving railroad system by creating local and regional cooperative organizations.Ĭ) Economic instability inspired agrarian activists to create the People’s (Populist) Party, which called for a stronger governmental role in regulating the American economic system. A variety of perspectives on the economy and labor developed during a time of financial panics and downturns.Ī) Some argued that laissez-faire policies and competition promoted economic growth in the long run, and they opposed government intervention during economic downturns.ī) The industrial workforce expanded and became more diverse through internal and international migration child labor also increased.Ĭ) Labor and management battled over wages and working conditions, with workers organizing local and national unions and/ or directly confronting business leaders.ĭ) Despite the industrialization of some segments of the Southern economy - a change promoted by Southern leaders who called for a “New South” - agriculture based on sharecropping and tenant farming continued to be the primary economic activity in the South.ĬUL-4.0: Explain how different group identities, including racial, ethnic, class, and regional identities, have emerged and changed over time. diplomatic, economic, and military initiatives in North America and overseas. WOR-2.0: Analyze the reasons for, and results of, U.S. WXT-3.0: Analyze how technological innovation has affected economic development and society. WXT-2.0: Explain how patterns of exchange, markets, and private enterprise have developed, and analyze ways that governments have responded to economic issues. WXT-1.0: Explain how different labor systems developed in North America and the United States, and explain their effects on workers’ lives and U.S. Related Thematic Learning Objectives (Focus of Exam Questions) ![]() borders in an effort to gain greater influence and control over markets and natural resources in the Pacific Rim, Asia, and Latin America. Large-scale industrial production - accompanied by massive technological change, expanding international communication networks, and pro-growth government policies - generated rapid economic development and business consolidation.Ī) Following the Civil War, government subsidies for transportation and communication systems helped open new markets in North America.ī) Businesses made use of technological innovations, greater access to natural resources, redesigned financial and management structures, advances in marketing, and a growing labor force to dramatically increase the production of goods.Ĭ) As the price of many goods decreased, workers’ real wages increased, providing new access to a variety of goods and services many Americans’ standards of living improved, while the gap between rich and poor grew.ĭ) Many business leaders sought increased profits by consolidating corporations into large trusts and holding companies, which further concentrated wealth.Į) Businesses and foreign policymakers increasingly looked outside U.S. Key Concept 6.1: Technological advances, large-scale production methods, and the opening of new markets encouraged the rise of industrial capitalism in the United States. The transformation of the United States from an agricultural to an increasingly industrialized and urbanized society brought about significant economic, political, diplomatic, social, environmental, and cultural changes.
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